Italy Information Essay

Italy Information Essay Italy Information Essay Historical Italian Figures Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) Youngest ever Prime Minister of Italy, in 1922 transformed the office into a dictatorship. Created Fascist Party Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) Folk hero, military leader, political leader. Adopted the â€Å"Red Shirts† and captured Sicily and Naples and allowed them to join Kingdom of Italy. Michelangelo (1475-1564) Architect, painter, sculptor and poet. Most famous Italian artist; â€Å"Sistine Chapel† Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) Mathematician, artist, inventor and writer. â€Å"The Last Supper†, â€Å"Mona Lisa†. Marco Polo (1254-1324) Explorer and journalist. Wrote â€Å"the Travels of Marco Polo† Galileo (1564-1642) Mathematician and astronomer. Laid foundation for modern science, physics and astronomy. St. Francis of Assisi ( 1181-1226) Saint. Abandoned life of luxury and devoted life to Christianity. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) Explorer whom discovered â€Å"New World of the Americas† in 1492 Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) nurse known as â€Å"Lady with the Lamp†, spending nights caring for wounded soldiers and reducing death count by 2/3rds. Boticelli (1444-1510) early renaissance painter â€Å"Birth of Venus† Biographical Profile Julius Caesar Birthdate: 100 BCE Death: 44 BCE Place of Birth and Death: Rome, Italy Full Name: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Augustus Children: Son Caesarion with Cleopatra Important events: Fought in several wars, became involved in Roman politics Negotiator between Crassus and Pompey Made â€Å"Dictator for Life†, â€Å"Father of Country† Relieved debt and reformed Senate Reformed Roman Calendar Reorganized local government His assassination led by Longinus and Brutus on the Ides of March First Roman figure to be deified, given title â€Å"The Divine Julius† 2 years after death Historical Event Dictatorship of Mussolini Benito Mussolini was born on July 29, 1883. The son of a blacksmith, he moved to Switzerland where he became involved in Socialist politics. He moved back to Italy in 1904 working as a journalist and was drafted into the Italian army in 1915. In 1919 he formed the Fascist Party. He organized unemployed war veterans into armed â€Å"Black Shirts†. Mussolini gradually dismantled all institutions of government and in 1925 made himself dictator. He eventually was captured and killed. Italian History The history of Italy can be divided into 7 distinct eras. Pre-History – thousands of rock drawings were discovered in the Alpine regions of Lombardy date around 8000 BC. There were also settlements throughout the Cooper Age, Bronze Age and the Iron Age. Roman Empire ( 5th Century BC to 5th Century AD) – Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus in Etruscan, Italy in 735 BC. Over the next several centuries, Rome expanded its territories into the well-known â€Å"Roman Empire†. The Romans named the Italian peninsular â€Å"Italia†. Italia flourished until the Roman Empire ended with the death of Augustus Caesar. Middle Ages (6th to 14th Century) - Began with multiple invasions including Ostrogoths conquering the Italian Peninsula, the Gothic War and the Lombards establishing a kingdom in North Italy and 3 regions in the South. Popes began building independent states and when the French defeated Lombards, the Papal States were created. The Renaissance (14th to 16th Century) – At this point in history there was a lot of disparity. The north was prosperous and the central and south were struggling. Naples, Sicily and Sardinia were controlled by foreign powers. A cultural movement began in Tuscany. The Medici family, a major contributor of the arts, introduced artistic greats, Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Botticelli. Italian popes rebuilt the city and Rome flourished. Tuscan dialect became the official language. Foreign Rule (1559-1814) – A dark period in Italian history. France invaded Northern Italy, Spain and Germany attacked Rome.

Definition and Examples of Attributive Adjective

Definition and Examples of Attributive Adjective In English grammar, an attributive adjective is an adjective that usually comes before the noun it modifies without a linking verb. Contrast with a predicative adjective. Attributive adjectives are direct modifiers of nominals. Examples Hush-a-by, Dont you cryGo to sleep, little baby.When you wake you shall findAll the pretty little horses.(Traditional American lullaby, perhaps of African-American origin)In those tender mornings, the Store was full of laughing, joking, boasting, and bragging.In a rush of pity- sympathy, affection, hope- I said the most stupid thing ever.A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face; it gives a higher pleasure than statues or pictures; it is the finest of the fine arts.†(Ralph Waldo Emerson, Manners)I know he was a bad man who did vicious, horrible things, some of them to me, but he had a good side, too. Just like all of us.He was a gorgeous, heart-stopping, too-yummy-to-be-believed, genuine hunk, and she was crazy to even consider kissing him.It had been a nasty little affair, a grim and unpleasant war, fought in a dark, never-ending nightmare of ambush and merciless killingan eye-to-eye, face-to-face war where prisoner was a doubtful word. Observations on Attributive and Predicative Functions There are two main kinds of adjectives: attributive ones normally come right before the noun they qualify, while predicative adjectives come after to be or similar verbs such as become and seem. Most adjectives can serve either purpose: we can speak of a happy family and say the family appeared happy. But some work only one way. Take the sentence Clergymen are answerable to a higher authority. Answerable is exclusively a predicative; you could not refer to an answerable clergyman. And higher is strictly attributive; you wouldnt normally say, The authority is higher.Attributive adjectives sometimes follow the model of French and come after the noun, as when we refer to accounts payable, something important, proof positive, matters philosophical, paradise lost, a battle royal, the heir apparent, stage left, time immemorial, or a Miller Lite.(Ben Yagoda, When You Catch an Adjective, Kill It. Broadway Books, 2007)There are a significant number of adjectives which, either absolutely or wi th a certain meaning, are restricted to attributive function (e.g. mere, former, main) or excluded from it (e.g., alone, asleep, glad happy/please).(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Sources Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969Leonard Michaels, Viva La Tropicana.  The Collected Stories. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007Nick Santora,  Slip Fall. State Street, 2007Julianna Morris,  Meeting Megan Again. Silhouette, 2001George Brown,  The Double Tenth. Arrow, 2012

Individual research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual research - Essay Example Safaricom’s competitors include Airtel Kenya (earlier known as Celtel), Telkom Orange, and Yu Mobile. This product was commercially launched in 2007 as a first in the world. M-PESA enables Safaricom’s subscribers to transfer money to both users and non-users, pay bills (such as electricity and water bills), deposit and withdraw money and purchase airtime. It offers traditional banking services without a need for a user to have a bank account or visit a bank’s branch. M-PESA deposits and withdraws are mainly made at a region-wide network of appointed agents who include airtime vendors and retail outlets (Punam, & Manka 56). M-PESA had several unique, rare and hard to imitate qualities which made it almost impossible to imitate. First, this product had never existed at any place in the world. There was therefore no model which Safaricom competitors could imitate. Safaricom therefore gained an advantage of offering a service that was not provided by other competing mobile phone company. Another distinctive quality of M-PESA was its technological platform. This service does not use the common internet banking platform. Competitors also lacked knowledge of this new technological invention initiated by Safaricom (Punam, & Manka 61). This technology was not available in the market. Safaricom’s M-PESA project was also capital intensive due to large organizational and operational costs associated with implementation of this service. On of the first mover advantages of Safaricom is establishment of a new leading regional brand. Safaricom is the most popular company in East and Central Africa. It records the highest profits in the region with M-PESA continuously accounting for an increasingly higher proportion of its profits every year. The company’s brand is so strong that it received a regional record 532% oversubscription of its Initial Public Offer in 2008. A second first mover advantage of Safaricom was becoming a market leader in both money

The Dispute between Shylock and Antonio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Dispute between Shylock and Antonio - Essay Example It is ineffective when one or both parties are bargaining from an extreme position, in that one party either has a high demand and cedes ground slowly, or that one party has a low demand and cedes ground quickly (Carnevale & Pruitt, 1992). Mediation is negotiation between two parties, with a neutral third party guiding the process (Goltsman, et al). Mediation may be successful in traditionally high conflict situations like divorces. That said, it is not successful in divorce cases where one party is unreasonable, one party dominates the other, or one party is unable to approach the issues in a fair way (Gold, 1992). Litigation is the solution when the other strategies fail, and the parties appear before a judge and allow the judge to decide the case (Fox & Nelson, 1999). In this case, Shylock is not rational, is operating from emotion, and cannot approach the issues in a fair way. Because of the nature of the parties, and the conflict of the situation, litigation would be the most ap propriate method of settling this dispute. Discussion Negotiation and mediation are both non-coercive actions that help parties come to an agreement (Bercovitch & Jackson). The first type of legal maneuver that will be examined will be negotiation. Carnevale & Pruitt (1992) state that negotiation is basically a discussion between the parties in an attempt to get to a goal. Goltsman et al. state that negotiation may end with one party winning; a compromise; no agreement; or a win-win, where both parties end up with an agreement that leaves them in a better position than if there were a straight compromise. The strategies of negotiation are that one party may concede some ground; one party may contend, in that they try to make the other person concede by stating that they will not concede; or problem-solving, in which both parties work together to find a solution that may be beneficial for both (Chapman, 1996). Carnevale & Pruitt (1992) state that all three strategies are needed to co me to an agreement, even if each of the strategies seem to be mutually incompatible. Mediation is another tactic that may be used. Mediation is basically negotiation between the parties, but with a neutral third party guiding the proceedings (Carnevale & Pruitt, 1992). Goltsman et al. state that mediation has an advantage over negotiation only in the situations where conflict is high. If conflict is low, then non-mediated negotiation may produce favorable outcomes with just two sessions (Goltsman et al.). Mediation may be effective, if the mediator is able to make each side see the other’s point of view. A mediator may also make use of a caucus, where the mediator meets privately with either side. Carnevale & Pruitt (1992) states that this is most effective when the parties show a high level of hostility towards one another and a joint agreement seems unlikely. That said, a mediator may be misled by one of the parties, who might make a derogatory statement about the other par ty, and the other party is not around to rebut the statement. Mediators may be helpful in the negotiation process, as they may help one party realize how to save face; may help them resolve internal disagreements; or may help them talk to their constituents. They may also help the parties reach agreement by adding in incentives for agreement, or issuing threats for non-agreements. They may als

Dracula and The Strange Case Essay Example for Free

Dracula and The Strange Case Essay Dracula, by Bram Stoker, and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, are classic examples of Gothic literature. Gothic literature is a genre that combines elements of both horror and romance. It is identified by its use of terror and horror to shock the reader, and this is usually created by setting the novel in huge, austere castles, with mysterious protagonists and horrific imagery.  In the opening of Chapter 2 of Dracula, we are being described the imposing castle of the protagonist Count Dracula, in the eyes of a Solicitor’s clerk’s journal, called Jonathan Harker. This first person narrative, which also appears in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in the form of the Mr Utterson, creates a lot of terror as the fact that they are describing it, really makes the reader come to terms that this actually happened. However, we do not know whether what they are saying is true or false, as we only have the word of the respective characters, given the piece a sense of mystery and suspense. As these two passages are based on description (describing the house and Mr Hyde in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and describing Count Dracula’s house in Dracula), adjectives are key in creating tension and terror. In Dracula, the adjectives reflect that in the dark, all your senses are heightened, so everything seems bigger, â€Å"I stood next to a great door, old and studded with large iron nails, and set in a projecting doorway of massive stone†. This piece is also given an aural dimension by adding noise. In the phrase, â€Å"the sound of rattling chains and the clanking of massive bolts drawn back. A key was turned with the loud grating noise of long disuse† the adjectives used are onomatopoeic which gives the reader a sense of sound which brings the writing to live. In The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, negative adjectives are used to describe the house to create an unpleasant aura surrounding the house, associating it with evil, â€Å"the door was blistered and distained. [it bore] the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence†.  The theme of light and dark plays a large part in Gothic literature, where darkness symbolises evil and horror and light symbolises happiness and safety, down to humans primitive terror of darkness. Both the ‘stories’ take place in the dark, automatically creating a sense of terror. In Jonathan Harker’s Journal, he likens the situation to a ‘horrible nightmare’, meaning the reader can empathise with him. In both passages, we are given a vivid description of the outside of the buildings, but we are not told about the inside, leaving it up to the readers imagination. This is very effective as it makes the reader feel like he is actually in the scene being described. In Chapter 2 of Dracula, Stoker personifies the house, â€Å"it was not likely that my voice could penetrate through these frowning walls†. This is effective as it again makes you think what is on the inside, and in this case, who is doing the ‘frowning’. Again this same technique is done in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The phrase, â€Å"a certain sinister building thrust forward its gable† gives the house a sense of its own power, through the personification. This is also shown by likening the faà §ade of the house to a face, â€Å"a blind forehead of discoloured wall†. In the two passages, the door is focused on: â€Å"the door which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker† and â€Å"I stood close to a great door, old and studded with large iron nails†. This is because it is the gateway between what we know, and what we don’t know as a reader. The fact that there is â€Å"neither bell nor knocker† is important as it gives the house an impenetrable quality, making the reader guess what it is the doors are hiding. It also demonstrates the use of contrast to create tension. Contrast is effective as when to juxtaposed things are linked together, tension is created as the reader is unsure what is happening. Contrast is shown by the main protagonist from Dracula. We are told that he is black and white, symbolising that he is both dead and alive. We are not told anything about the two main protagonists. However the image the reader is presented with are very different in the two passages. In The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, we are disgusted by this amoral character who tramples over this small child. In the phrase, â€Å"the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner; [but] the man trampled calmly over the child’s body†, the adverb, â€Å"calmly† is the most horrific as it shows he had no problems with what he did. However, in Dracula, the Count is shown to be very hospitable and welcoming, â€Å"I bid you welcome to my house. Come in; the night air is chill, and you must need to eat and rest†. This stark contrast raises the issue as to whether Count Dracula is all that he seems, hence creating terror.  Both these passages play on the readers’ fear of the unknown. Both authors use varied techniques to create terror and successfully bring the reader into the narrative. What makes The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde more horrific is that it uses all the Gothic themes, except he then places it into London, making it much more believable than castles and counts. The fear is that it really could be anywhere.

George Gray Essay -- essays research papers

George Gray â€Å"George Gray† is a poem about a man who missed out on many of life’s opportunities because he was so afraid of failure that he did not even try. He passed up love because he was afraid of being hurt, ambition because he dreaded all the changes that came with it and sorrow because he feared the pain. The poem begins with â€Å"George† staring at his own gravestone and realizing that there was nothing special to be said about him because he had done nothing with his life. He looked back on his life and realized that it would be so much harder then to regain all of his missed opportunities. The whole poem was a metaphor using a boat to represent â€Å"George’s† life and at the end, he let the boat sail freely and be guided by the winds of destiny. He regretted all of the opportunities that he had missed and by the time he realized that he never lived his life, it was too late to live it to its fullest. Therefore, life should be lived to its fulles t so that when it is over, there are no regrets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So many people have ideas of things they want to do, whether they be business-related, something that scares them or even just asking someone else out on a date. Everyone has ideas about how they want to live their lives, but most people never wind up following through. They are so afraid of failure or of looking bad that they run from any kind of challenge. Then later in life, when they realize that they had all these opportunities and never took ad...

American lifestyle Essay

The novel â€Å"Jasmine† by Bharati Mukherjee provides frontier narratives and myths about Americanization and the Gold Rush. She presents Americanization from the Western viewpoint with all locales, hero lifestyles and mobility. Furthermore, the author pays special attention to the promise of American lifestyle, individualism and female freedom stressing that Eastern lands are characterized by strong cultural ties and women’s suppression and subordination. Women inequality isn’t struggled there. The central figure of the novel is Jasmine who comes from the Eastern world – India – to the United States of America, where women are provided with more rights and opportunities being historically more fluid. Firstly Jasmine is presented as a pioneering woman symbolizing the female role of women courage and self-reliance. The author shows that Jasmine changes both metaphorically and physically throughout the novel towards the western philosophy. Mukherjee involves frontier myths to illustrate Jasmine’s cultural and psychological transformation from oppressed woman to liberal personality. When moving from India to Florida and New York, then to the Midwest and California, the author shows metaphorically Jasmine’s transformation and notes that she becomes a real American â€Å"gold digger†. (145) Jasmine starts transformational process when becoming affected by the Gold Rush. Jasmine realizes she appears able to benefit and to profit from the unexhausted American state. Nevertheless, she is treated as an exotic newcomer disturbing moral equilibrium of the society, though her desire of independence and freedom makes her struggle with prejudices. Therefore, she is forced to change her core moral and ethical principles and values to be welcomed to new country. Jasmine settles with a disabled banker in Iowa creating in such a way a life similar to that of the earlier immigrants and their cultural assimilation. As it is mentioned Jasmine is rejected because of her non-European origin. However, with the novel progression we see that she manages to become absorbed into new culture and to become true American. When moving to California Jasmine hopes to become completely assimilated into the American culture, though she faces many borders and obstacles. The author defines these obstacles as both metaphorical and physical. With the help of wilderness legends, she shows Jasmine’s hesitations and fears about irrationality of the inner self and fear of being rejected. Then the author shows Jasmine’s moral adaptation to the American laws – she realizes that she is provided with more freedom and she should have less fear of oppression. Nevertheless, her views are undermined when her husband is killed. She becomes stronger morally and decided to travel to America because her husband has planned this trip originally. Firstly she wants to commit widow’s ritual immolation, but later being raped she decided to fight for better future. Instead of committing suicide, Jasmine turns on her violator and kills him showing she is able to fight for her life. This act of violence is that of the frontier outlaw who takes retribution into his own hands. Speaking about Jasmine’s transformation, it is necessary to outline that psychological issues of guilt and repression are inherent to her personality and these principles don’t change even in the end of the novel. , The West liberates her inner self so that a chaotic unconscious can be calmed. In the end we see that Jasmine finds new morality that enables her to make free her personal freedom. However, newly achieved freedom makes her relinquish her Indian roots and to follow the lifestyle of other wanderers and seekers. The feeling of guilt always haunts her. When she decides to leave town with her former lover she feels guilt for having abandoned a man who loves her. The ending of the novel is rather symbolic as well: Jasmine drives off with Taylor into the sunset, â€Å"greedy with wants and reckless from hope†. (241) In such way Bharati shows that Jasmine’s transformation from oppressed women into free American personality, who realizes her desires and demands, is over. References Mukherjee, Bharati. (1989). Jasmine. New York: Fawcett Crest.