Concept of Happiness Essays - Happiness, Positive Mental Attitude

Concept of Happiness Happiness alludes to the degree to which one judges his or her overall quality of life as entire favorably. This simply implies the extent to which a person likes the life he or she leads. I understand that happiness comes when a person feels satisfied and fulfilled. It is one's feeling of contentment that his or her life is just as it ought to be. From this understanding, the concept of happiness entails certain terms that include degree, individual, subjective and judgment. In regard to degree, it should be understood that the word ''happiness'' normally is not used in denoting only positive appreciations in life. It refers to the degree which is less or more of something. When a person is said to be happy, it means that this person judges his or her life favorably as opposed to unfavorably. The individual term in the definition implies that the term happiness is actually employed in describing an individual person's state only and not in collectiveness. Also, happiness is the subjective life appreciation by a person. Therefore, there is no a particular objective standard for happiness. Judgment entails a person making an overall judgment in regard to the quality of their life. This means happiness is an intellectual activity. To make an overall judgment requires one to assess past experiences and estimate the future experiences as well as average life quality. Considering the concept of happiness, I would rather be an unhappy human and not a happy pig. This is because an unhappy human has the intellectual capacity of conceptualizing the past and future experiences of life and be able to estimate the degree of happiness in their life. An unhappy human, therefore, knows both sides of the coin because he or she is able to tell when life is favorable and unfavorable. However, the happy pig does not know the two sides of life because of the lack of intellectuality. By the fact that the word happiness is used for those who are able to make their mind through constructing intellectually their overall judgment of life, the concept of happiness cannot apply to animals. Therefore, I would rather be an unhappy human as opposed to being a happy pig.

AMC 12

How to Study for the Math Olympiad AMC 10/AMC 12 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you ever wondered what it would take to represent America at the International Math Olympiad? Or maybe you’re a strong math student who is wondering what opportunities are available to you outside the classroom? In this article, we'll answer all your Math Olympiad questions! We’ll explain what it takes to qualify for the International Math Olympiad and how to ace the qualifying tests – the AMC 10 and AMC 12. How Do You Qualify for Math Olympiad? In this section we discuss the three key steps to qualifying for Math Olympiad. Step 1: Take the AMC 10 or AMC 12 The AMC 10 and AMC 12 are nationwide tests administered by the Mathematical Association of America that qualify you for the American Invitational Mathematics Exam (AIME). Only those with top scores will be invited to take the AIME.The MAA recommends 9thand 10thgraders take the AMC 10, and thand 12thgraders take the AMC 12. You can take the AMC 10 and/or 12 multiple times. The AMC 10 and AMC 12 each have 25 questions. You have 75 minutes for the entire exam. Each correct answer is worth 6 points (for a maximum score of 150) and each unanswered question is worth 1.5 points.There is no deduction for wrong answers. Note thatyou don’t need to get all of the questions right to get a qualifying score.You just have to do better than most of the other students taking the exam! Keep that in mind as you come up with a strategy for the test. Youneed to be in the top 5% of scorers on the AMC 12 or the top 2.5% of scorerson the AMC 10to qualify, so the vast majority of people who take the AMC exams don't qualify. But, if you do, you can take the AIME. Step 2: Take the AIME The AIME is a 15-question, three-hour exam, and each answer is an integer between 0 and 999, inclusive. Regardless of whether you took the AMC 10 or AMC 12, everyone takes the same AIME. It's offered once a year (with an alternate test date available for those who can't make the official exam date) in the spring.Unlike the AMC 10 and the AMC 12, you can only take the AIME once, so you want to make sure you do your best on it. After you take the AIME, your AIME score is multiplied by ten and added to your AMC score to determine if you qualify for Math Olympiad. The cutoff score for qualifying changes yearly, but it's set so about 260-270 students qualify for Math Olympiad each year. Step 3: Qualify for and Compete in Math Olympiad If you do well on the AIME, you can qualify for the US Mathematical Olympiad. The top scorers from that competition then have the opportunity to train to be on the US team that competes at the International Math Olympiad. (You can find more info on this process over at the Mathematical Association of American website.) It’s a long process to get to the IMO, and very few students make it that far. But even just taking the AIME can set you apart in the college admissions process, especially if you are interested in engineering programs. Along with a high GPA and strong SAT/ACT scores, taking the AIME is a way to signal to colleges you have superior math and problem-solving skills. How Can You Learn Math Olympiad Content? Math through pre-calculus covers most topics tested on the AMC 10 and 12 and the AIME, but math competition problems will be trickier than what you see on your usual math homework assignments. If you’re not up to pre-calculus in school yet, your first task will be learning the content before focusing on how to solve problems that the AMC 10 and 12 tend to ask. See if there is a teacher or peer who is willing to tutor you if you haven’t taken pre-calculus. You could also see if it’s possible to take the course over the summer to get caught up quickly. In the meantime, you can explore parts of your own math textbook you haven’t gotten to yet, or ask to borrow textbooks from teachers at your school if you want to brush up on a topic not covered in the math class you’re taking this year. Also check out these online content resources from the MAA to help you study. How Can You Learn Problem-Solving Skills? The key to doing well on AMC is not just knowing math and being able to do rote problems, but to know concepts inside and out and be able to use them to solve tricky problems. Think outside the textbook. The website Art of Problem Solving is a hub for math competition resources and problems, and has been mentioned by many former AMC-takers as a top resource. They have pages on learning to solve certain types of problems, advice on the best prep books, and forums where you can talk to other AIME hopefuls about studying and strategy. This page provides links to practice problems and prep books and is a great place to get started. Our advice to study for the AMC is to do lots of practice problems, and then correct them. Carefully analyze your weaknesses. Don’t just notice what you did wrong, get inside your head and figure out why you got a problem wrong and how you will work to get it correct the next time. To improve your problem-solving ability, you can also consider borrowing or purchasing books specifically about solving math problems. Try How To Solve It by George Polya, Problem-Solving Strategies by Arthur Engel, or Challenging Problems in Algebra by Alfred Posamentier and Charles Salkind. These books will give you skills not typically taught in your math classes. How to Prepare for Math Olympiad Studying is more than just putting the time in. You want to make sure you are using the best practice problems and really analyzing your weak points to get your math skills to where they need to be. Read on to learn the six tips you need to follow to study like a pro. #1: Use Quality Practice Problems Use practice problems from past AMCs when possible. You want to prepare for the format and type of questions on the AMC. Any problem-solving practice you get will be helpful, but if you’re set on qualifying the AIME, you should spend the majority of your time prepping for AMC-type questions. If you're unclear on how to solve a problem, ask your math teacher, a math team friend, or an online forum like the one at Art of Problem Solving. The better you understand each AMC problem you encounter, the more likely you are to be prepared for the real thing. #2: Don't Lounge Around Quality practice time is key! Make sure to time yourself and simulate real test-taking conditions when doing practice problems – find a quiet room, don’t use outside resources as you test, and sit at a proper table or desk (don’t lounge in bed!). As you review problems, bring in your outside resources, from websites to problem-solving books, but remember to stay alert and focused. Don't let study time turn into naptime! #3: Focus on Your Weak Areas When studying, spend the most time focusing on your weak areas. As you work through practice problems, keep track of problems you didn’t know how to solve or concepts you’re shaky on. You can log your mistakes into a journal or notebook to help focus your studying. And don’t just log your mistakes and move on, figure out why you made those mistakes – what didn’t you know, what you assumed – and make a plan to get similar problems right in the future. #4: Beware of Tiny Mistakes Be very, very careful about small mistakes – like forgetting a negative sign, accidentally moving a decimal point, or making a basic arithmetic error. You could get the meat of a problem correct but still answer a problem wrong if you make a tiny mistake. Get in the habit of being hyper-vigilant and careful when you practice, so you don’t make these mistakes when you take the exam for real. Never assume you're too smart for a silly mistake! #5: Schedule Regular Study Time Finally, set aside dedicated time each week for studying. By practicing at least once a week, you will retain all of the skills you learn and continue to build on your knowledge. Build studying into your schedule like it’s another class or extracurricular. If you don’t, your studying could fall by the wayside and you’ll lose out on getting the amount of practice you need. #6: Attend Other Math Competitions If there is a math team or club at your school, join for the practice!Doing smaller competitions can help you learn to deal with nervesand will give you more opportunities to practice. It will also help you find a community of students with similar interests who you can study with. Also, the earlier you can start, the better. Some middle schools and even elementary schools have math clubs that expose you to tricky problem-solving questions in a way your standard math classes will not. What Should You Do the Night Before a Competition? After all your preparation, you don't want to trip at the finish line and ruin all your hard work right before the competition. Don’t do tons of studying the night before you take the AMC. By that point, you will have done all of the work you can. Focus on relaxing and getting in the right mindset for the exam. Also, make sure you get enough sleep the night before, and follow our other tips for the night before a test. Don’t waste all of your hard work studying by staying up late the night before! Finally, make sure you are set to go in the morning with transportation and directions to where you are taking the test. You don’t want to deal with a morning-of crisis! Plan to get to the exam center early in case you hit traffic or any other last-minute snags. What’s Next? Curious about the math scores it takes to get into top tech schools like MIT and CalTech? Read more about admission to engineering schools. Going for a perfect math SAT or ACT score? Get tips from our full-scorer on how to get to a perfect 800 on SAT math or a perfect 36 on ACT math. Wondering about paying for college? Check out automatic scholarships available for high ACT and SAT scores. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Celebrities can Never be True Heroes in Our Lives, But Our Parents Can Essay

Celebrities can Never be True Heroes in Our Lives, But Our Parents Can Be - Essay Example Celebrities can Never be True Heroes in Our Lives, But Our Parents Can Be However, all of that changes once adolescence sets in for most kids. We then start to see parents more as controlling freaks who just dont understand the needs of a teenager. They just dont get it and therefore, can never be the hero in the world of a teenager. But, celebrities get it and that is why we turn our attention to the celebrities and their world of make believe adoration for the hero worship that we seek. to bestow upon people. Celebrities represent everything that a child wishes to be in life. They leap off the movie screens as heroes and rebels who always win in the end. The publicity that surrounds them tend to give them almost superhuman quality. Thus making them the envy of every insecure teenager in the world, or a heroic inspiration to some of their almost blind followers who begin to pattern their lives and way of thought after these person or people who have caught their admiration and attention. While parents try to control their teenagers at this point in their lives, the teenager continues to struggle for a sense of self and an identity to call all his own. By admiring celebrities, the child can practically try on different personalities with the â€Å"guidance† of a person who is actually living the life that the child had in mind. What teenagers do not realize at this point in their lives, is that the celebrities actually live shallow, lonely lives that are devoid of any real meaning or purpose.

Entrepreneurship and Business Start-up Assignment

Entrepreneurship and Business Start-up - Assignment Example We listen to their needs and work with them to create and manage each event successfully. We help them achieve their personal, financial, professional, social, and artistic objectives. The people behind PEC are seasoned organisers and social network specialists who have a track record of successful event management experience dating back to several years. Our services include planning and executing for special events such as meetings, conferences, birthdays and special occasions, concerts, book launchings, exhibits, inaugurations, fund-raising, special dinners, victory parties, graduations, sports tournaments, and reunions. We want every event that we plan, organise and carry out to be successful, whether it is an intimate dinner for two or a conference for 100. We strategically established an upper limit to the number of participants to events we organise at this number for the first five years because of the unique financial model we employ of fixing the price we charge to competitive unit rates. We can increase these numbers much later. Regardless of the number of people at our events, we aim to take care of every detail for the event to provide the greatest pleasure and to make it a memorable experience. We offer a host of packages and services specifically tailored to the needs of each client and participant, and we are confident that this business venture will succeed and that our net income will increase according to our modest projections. 1.2 Mission Statement PRO-ACT Events Consultants (PEC) is a full service company that provides complete consulting services for any event, except weddings and anniversaries. Our consultants are experienced and dedicated professionals with many years of event planning experience. We are unique in that we give our clients our undivided attention and assure them that we are people they can trust. We listen to their needs and work with them to create the event of their dreams. We make everything possible. We have a professionally developed strategic plan that promises to make PEC one of the best places to work for in the world where everyone enjoys what one is doing, where the financial rewards are generous, and where everyday is a party! Our success is determined by the success of our

Comparison of Lip Prints, Palatal Rugae With Blood Groups

Comparison of Lip Prints, Palatal Rugae With Blood Groups Title of the article: Comparison of lip prints, Palatal rugae with blood groups in Karnataka and Kerala Population Abstract Background: In the literature there is no data for the study done to compare lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups. Correlating lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups may be valuable in forensic science in precise identification of an individual than by means of lip prints or palatal rugae only. The present study was done to establish the allocation of different lip print patterns and palatal rugae among the subjects having diverse ABO and Rh blood groups in Karnataka and Kerala Population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised a total of 100 subjects, which included 50 Kerala and 50 Manipuri subjects in the age group of 17-21 years. All the individuals’ lip prints, palatal rugae and blood groups were studied. Statistical comparison between the groups was done by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for small samples. Results: Type 2 was found to be the predominant lip print pattern (45%) in both the populations. The major rugae shape in both the populations was wavy pattern and less commonly curved and straight. Left side of the palate showed relatively more number of rugae. Blood group A showed highest Type 3 lip print, B showed Type 2 pattern, AB showed Type 1 and Type 3 patterns and O showed Type 2 patterns. In Blood group A, curved palatal rugae were predominant whereas in blood group B, AB and O wavy patterns were predominant. Conclusion: In the present study it is noted that there is no association between lip prints and blood groups. However comparison of palatal rugae with blood groups showed a statistically significant difference. Thus our present showed a correlation between palatal rugae and blood groups. Key words: Blood groups, Kerala Population, Lip prints, palatal rugae, , manipuri Population. Introduction It is based on scientific principles, largely involving dental records, fingerprints and DNA comparisons. At times, it becomes essential to apply slighter known and remarkable techniques like cheiloscopy and palatoscopy. Lip prints and palatal rugae patterns are found to be unique to an individual and therefore embrace the possibility for identification.1-3 Lip prints are common lines, fissures in the appearance of wrinkles and grooves seen in the zone of transition of lip in the middle of the inner labial mucosa and outer skin. Cheiloscopy (from the Greek: cheilos -‘lips’ and skopein ‘to see’) is the given name to the lip pattern studies.3 It is probable to identify that lip print patterns form as before sixth week of uterine life. Since that instant on, the lip patterns hardly ever modify, resisting many afflictions and therefore lip prints assist as a means in human identification. Yasuo Tsuchihashi considered the lip prints of 757 males and 607 females of Japanese subjects and classified them into six types based on shape and way of the grooves.1, 4 Palatal rugae, in adding together are unique to an individual, protected from trauma by their internal location in the head. Once shaped, rugae do not go through any changes with the exception of length, due to regular growth, enduring in the same arrangement right through the complete person’s life. Diseases, chemical violence or trauma do not appear to change the palatal rugae form.5 The purpose of palatal rugae patterns intended for personal recognition was foremost suggested by Harrison Allen in 1889. Thomas and Kotze in 1983 detailed the various patterns of palatal rugae and classified based on the shape, unification, direction, and length.6 In the literature there is no data for the study finished to compare lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups. Correlating lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups may be valuable in forensic science in precise identification of an individual than by means of lip prints or palatal rugae only. The present study was done to establish the allocation of different lip print patterns and palatal rugae among the subjects having diverse ABO and Rh blood groups in Karnataka and Kerala Population. In our study we have also searched for the predominant lip print type and palatal rugae patterns among the persons from Karnataka and Kerala states in India. Material and Methods Subjects The total sample consisted of 100 BDS students studying in Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, involving of 50 subjects (25 male and 25 female) from Karnataka and 50 Kerala subjects (25 male and 25 female), in the age group ranging between 17-21 years. Approval of all the individuals and ethical clearance was also obtained to conduct the study. Each individual subject lip prints, palatal rugae and blood groups were studied. Recording the lip prints Lips free from some pathology, having extremely normal transition zone linking the mucosa and the skin were incorporated in the study. Lips of the subjects were cleaned and lipstick was applied all over the lips. Lip ‘impressions’ were traced in the usual rest place of the lips by applying a ribbon of cellophane tape which is 10cm long. The cellophane strip was consequently fixed on to the white chart paper for everlasting documentation and then the recorded lip prints be visualized with a magnifying lens (Figure 1). Examination of the lip prints Each individual’s lips were divided into 4 compartments and seen for the type of lip print in each compartment (Figure 2). Recording the palatal rugae Alginate impressions of only maxillary arch was prepared and poured by means of dental stone. A dental plaster base was prepared and casts were conserved for analysis. The rugae patterns were traced on these casts using a sharp graphite pencil below sufficient light. The palatal rugae patterns were subsequently explored on these casts with the facility of magnifying lens (Figure 3, 4). Recording the blood groups Each subjects blood groups were evaluated by inserting a drop of blood on the slide furthermore treated by means of anti-A and anti-B sera. Positive agglutination of the blood taking place on treating with anti-A is well thought to be blood group A, positive reaction with anti-B is deliberated as blood group B, if no agglutination is created subsequently the blood group is O and if agglutination is observed with both anti-sera at that time blood group AB is considered. In the same way, positive agglutination response with Rh antigen is well thought to be Rh positive or else as Rh negative. Statistical analysis The data was analyzed for percentage proportions and compared. Statistical comparison between the groups was done by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for small samples. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 16.0 Results Lip prints Taken as a whole, not even one individual had a single kind of lip prints in all the compartments and no individual had an alike lip print patterns. When sex was assessed in both the populations combined, males demonstrated principally Type 3 lip print pattern (43%) whereas, females showed principally Type 2 (49%). Comparison of all lip print patterns among males and females using the chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference (Table 1). In the Karnataka population, Type 2 lip print pattern was set up to be largest (48%), followed by Type 3 (40%), Type 1 (8%) and Type 5 (4%). Type 1’ and Type 4 patterns were zero in Karnataka population. In Kerala population, Type 2 lip print pattern was established to be predominant (42%), followed by Type 3 (28%), Type 1 (26%) and Type 4 Type 5 (2%) (Table 2). When the overall patterns were evaluated in the entire study subjects (in both Karnataka and Kerala), Type 2 was found to be the majority of all lip print patterns having 45% in contrast to additional types of lip print patterns. The Chi-square test association of all lip print patterns between Karnataka and Kerala population revealed no significant differences except for Type 1 pattern (Tables 2). Palatal rugae The largest rugae shape in all populations was wavy pattern and smallest being curved and straight. However, wavy and curved patterns were predominant in Karnataka compared to Kerala population and whereas straight was slightly more in Kerala population. When unification of rugae was analyzed, diverging type of rugae pattern was predominant in both the populations. However no statistical significant difference was observed. On observing the direction of rugae, forwardly directed rugae were predominant than backwardly directed rugae in both the populations. Inaddition, forwardly directed rugae were more in Karnataka population than Kerala, whereas backwardly directed rugae were more in Kerala population than Karnataka. In Karnataka population left side of the palate demonstrated relatively extra number of rugae apart from right side, whereas in Kerala, right side of the palate showed more number of rugae (Table 3). Blood groups and Rh system Majority of the subjects (44%) in Karnataka population belonged to blood group A; followed by blood group O (34%), B (16%) and AB (6%). Whereas frequency of blood group O (50%) was higher in Kerala population followed by blood group B (34%), A (10%) and AB (6%). In Karnataka population 98% of subjects had Rh-positive factor and only 2% of cases belonged to Rh-negative factor. In Kerala population, 90% of subjects had Rh-positive factor. Comparison of all blood groups between both the populations showed a statistical significant difference only for A and B groups. Inaddition, there was no significant difference observed for Rh-positive and negative factor between both the populations (Table 4). Comparison of Lip prints and palatal rugae in relation to all blood groups Among Blood group A highest was Type 3 lip print pattern (44%), blood group B showed highest Type 2 pattern (48%), blood group AB showed highest Type 1 (50%) and Type 3 (50%) patterns and blood Group O showed highest Type 2 (55%) patterns. On statistical comparison between different lip prints in all the blood groups, no significant difference was observed. In Blood group A, curved palatal rugae (49%) were predominant whereas in blood group B, AB and O wavy patterns were predominant and was also statistically significant (P=0.02) (Table 5). Discussion In forensic identification, the mouth allows for countless possibilities. Compilation of data from bite marks, lip prints and teeth in crime scenes such as murder and rape be capable of playing a major role in criminal investigations. Rarely, noticeable or latent lip prints are established at a crime scene which can be recorded and contrasted with the prints of assumed persons and the donor is able to be recognized. The importance of cheiloscopy is associated to the information that lip prints are genetic, developed at 6th month of uterine life, are permanent, unchangeable after death also, and unique to an individual.2 In the literature, a number of researchers have worked expansively on lip prints, palatal rugae and blood individually for sex and population identification. In addition, there are no studies that compared lip print and palatal rugae with blood groups between two populations. Hence, in the present study an attempt is been made to contrast the lip print patterns and palatal rugae with blood groups in subjects from two different parts of India (i.e. Karnataka and Kerala). In the present study the majority lip pattern seen in males was type 3, and in females it was type 2. This was in accordance with Gondivkar et al.11 When the overall patterns were evaluated among in the entire study subjects, Type 2 was found to be the majority lip print pattern having 45% when compared to additional types of lip print patterns. These results were in accordance with Telagi et al.12, Patel et al.13 and Rastogi et al.2 Within the Karnataka population, Type 2 lip print pattern was established to be largest, followed by Type 3, Type 1 and Type 5. This was in contrast to the study done by Vahanwalla and Parekh in Mumbai, in which they found that type I was predominant.14 Verghese et al. has conducted a study of cheiloscopy in south Karnataka districts in India and showed that type 4 pattern was predominant in Karnataka population, in contrast to our study.1 Within Kerala population, Type 2 lip print pattern was established to be largest, followed by Type 3, Type 1 and Type 4 5. In contrast to our study, According to Verghese et al. Type 4 to be major in both the genders in Kerala population.15 Further, in our study, statistical association of all lip print patterns among Karnataka and Kerala population revealed no significant differences except for Type 1 pattern. The major rugae shape in both the populations was wavy pattern and less commonly curved and straight and which is in with Kapali et al.16 However, in our study wavy and curved patterns were predominant in Karnataka compared to Kerala population. Straight was slightly more in Kerala population than Karnataka population. In addition, in the present study, when unification of rugae was analyzed, diverging type of rugae pattern was predominant in both the populations. On observing the direction of rugae, forwardly directed rugae were predominant than backwardly directed rugae in both the populations. However, forwardly directed rugae were more in Karnataka population than Kerala, whereas backwardly directed rugae were more in Kerala population than Karnataka. When evaluated for the number of palatal rugae in Karnataka and Kerala population left side of the palate showed relatively more number of rugae. This interpretation was similar to Dhoke and Usato et al. who as well reported with the intention that right side of the palate had smaller number of rugae than the left side. This may be owed to the observable fact of regressive advancement, dominating the right side of the palate.10 Further in our study statistical analysis showed that there was no difference found in the total number of rugae seen for shape, unification, direction and side of the palate between the two populations. In the present study the predominant blood group among all the subjects was blood group O. These findings were similar to the results obtained by Bharadwaja et al.17, Rastogi et al.18. Majority of the subjects in Karnataka population belonged to blood group A, whereas the frequency of blood group O was higher in Kerala population. 98% of subjects in the Karnataka population had Rh-positive factor and 90% of Kerala population had Rh-positive factor. Comparison of all blood groups between both the populations showed a statistical significant difference only for A and B groups. Inaddition, there was no significant difference observed for Rh-positive and negative factor between both the populations. Frequency of type 3 lip print pattern was more in Blood group A. Distribution of Type 2 lip print pattern was highest blood group B and O. Further type 1 and type 3 were predominant in blood group AB. When comparison between different lip prints in all the blood groups was done, no statistical significant difference was observed. These results coordinated with earlier studies done by Telagi et al.12 Sandhu et al.19 and Verma et al.20 Coming to the palatal rugae distribution, curved rugae were predominant in Blood group A, whereas in blood group B, AB and O, wavy patterns were predominant. Further on comparison of different rugae patterns among different blood groups showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion In the present study it is noted that there is no association between lip prints and blood groups. However comparison of palatal rugae with blood groups showed a statistically significant difference. Thus our present showed a correlation between palatal rugae and blood groups. Further there are no studies available on palatal rugae comparison with blood group in English language literature search. Thus our study remains the first study to compare both lip prints and palatal rugae with blood groups.

Brand and Chapter

CB2201 Consumer Behaviour Lecturers: Kristina Georgiou and Alison Barker Tutorial Questions Trimester 1, 2013 Students Week 2 – 04/03/13 Chapter 8 1. 2. 4. How does a discrepancy between the ideal state and the actual state affect consumer behavior? What factors affect the inclusion of brands in the consideration set, and why would a company want its brand in the consideration set? What six broad groups of sources can consumers consult during external search. Where does the Internet fit into these groups. Chapter 9 3. 6. 7. How do consumers use compensatory and noncompensatory decision-making models?How do appraisals and feeling, as well as affective forecasting, influence consumer decision making? What three contextual elements affect consumer decision-making?Week 3 – 11/03/13 Chapter 10 5. 6.What is brand loyalty, and what role does it play in low-effort decision-making? How do price and value perceptions affect low-effort decision making? Chapter 11 3. 5. How do expe ctations and performance contribute to disconfirmation? Why is complaining important to marketers and how should complaints be handled?Week 4 – 18/03/13 Chapter 2 Case Study – SUBMIT CASE ANSWERS IN CLASS WHAT’S IN A STORE AT UMPQUA BANK 1. 2. 3. How does Umpqua enhance consumer motivation by making itself personally relevant to customers? Explain, in consumer behavior terms, how the Innovation Lab enhances customers’ ability to process information about banking products and services? What is Umpqua doing to enhance consumers’ opportunity to process information about financial services? Week 5 – 25/03/13 Chapter 3 1. 4. 5. How do zipping and zapping affect consumers’ exposure to stimuli such as products and ads.What is perception, and what methods do we use to perceive stimuli? Differentiate between the absolute threshold and the differential threshold, and explain how these concepts relate to Weber’s Law. HEINZ IS LOOKING FOR ATTENTION – SUBMIT CASE ANSWERS IN CLASS 1. Using the concepts discussed in this chapter, explain how Heinz has been successful in generating exposure and capturing attention. What other ideas would you suggest Heinz try to foster exposure, attention and perception? In terms of exposure, attention and perception, what are some potential disadvantages of Heinz’s Top This TV contests?Do you think Heinz will benefit long-term from holding a contest for students that focused on the visual appeal of designing single-serve ketchup packets? Explain your answer.2.3. Teaching Free Week Friday – 30/03/13 – Thursday 04/03/13Week 6 – 08/04/13 Mid Term Test in Class BASED ON CHAPTERS 2, 3, 8, 9, 10 & 11Week 7 – 15/04/13Chapter 4 – SUBMIT CASE ANSWERS IN CLASS HYUNDAI ACCELERATES NEW IMAGE MARKETING 1. 2. 3. Why would Hyundai have a voice-over stating â€Å"We’re pretty sure that Mercedes, BMW, and Lexus aren’t going to like it very much† in a Genesis ad? How is Hyundai using country of origin to influence consumers’ inferences about the Genesis? In terms of knowledge and understanding, how is the introduction of the upscale Genesis sedan likely to affect how consumers think about lower-priced Hyundai models? Chapter 5 1. 3. What are attitudes, and what three functions do they serve.What role does credibility play in affecting consumer attitudes based on cognitions?Week 8 – 22/04/13 Chapter 6 2. 3. 5. 7. What role do source, message, context, and repetition play in influencing consumers’ cognitive attitude? What is the mere exposure effect, and why is it important to consumers’ affective reactions. Explain the dual-mediation hypothesis. What are the implications for affecting consumers’ brand attitude? What are the advantages and disadvantages of featuring celebrities in advertising messages? Chapter 7 4. . 6. How can retrieval failures and errors affect consumer memory? How does recognition differ from recall? What is implicit memory, and how can it affect a consumer’s ability to retrieve a brand name?Week 9 – 29/04/13 Presentation DayWeek 10 – 06/05/13 GROUP PROJECT DUE AT BEGINNING OF CLASS 8. 30am Chapter 14 1. 2. 5. Explain the differences between global values, terminal values, instrumental values, and domain-specific values.What are the four main value dimensions along which national cultures can vary? What are the three components of a consumer’s lifestyle? . Chapter 15 2. 5. 7. Why do companies sometimes target opinion leaders for marketing attention? What three techniques can marketers use to encourage consumer compliance? Why is word of mouth so important for marketers?Week 11 – 13/05/13 Chapter 16 4. 5. 6. How can consumers be categorized in terms of their timing of adoption relative to other consumers?What is the product life cycle, and how does it differ from product diffusion? How do consumer learni ng requirements and social relevance affect resistance, adoption, and diffusion? Chapter 18 1. 5. 6. What is compulsive buying, and why is it a problem? What influences environmentally conscious consumer behavior? What can consumers do to resist marketing practices they perceive as unwanted or unethical?Week 12 – 20/05/13 Final Test – In class BASED ON CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16 & 18

Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim offered differing perspectives on the role of religion Essay

Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim offered differing perspectives on the role of religion. Choose the theorist whose insights you prefer and outline how they perceived religion operating socially. Discuss why you chose your preferred theorists views over the others. Marx, Durkheim and Weber each had different sociological views of the role and function of Religion. My preferred theorists view’s on Religion is Karl Marx’s as I feel his ideas are more relevant to what Religion actually is. And I have chosen Marx’s theory on Religion as I feel that it is the most similar to my own views on the subject. His views are more interesting to me as I don’t practise any Religion and his views expand on some of my own thoughts that I have had about Religion. It also has more relevance in society today as people are now struggling due to the economic down turn which is completely testing people’s faith. There is a bigger decline in this century as most of the population of the world have more resources and freedom of speech, to decide how they really feel about Religion and aren’t blind-sighted by the church anymore. Even if people are not aware of Marx’s ideas about Religion I feel that the majority of people would have similar views based on these ideas as times have gotten harder thus making people question their own beliefs. I will also briefly outline each of the theorist’s workings on Religion and then discuss why I chose Karl Marx’s theories. Karl Marx’s outlook on Religion was that it was a deception of sorts, as it was to give people false hope of something better waiting for them as they were being exploited and oppressed by these religious ideals. Marx thought it was a result of a class society because not only was its aim to ease the pain of oppression it also acted as a tool of that oppression. (McDonald, 2009) Emile Durkheim thought that Religion brought communities together and strengthened them. That all religions acted as a ‘socialising agent’ and that they shared a ‘coherent system of beliefs and practices serving universal human needs and purposes.’ He also conducted a study on the Australian Aborigines and concluded that ‘Religion was the source of all harmonious social life.’ (McDonald, 2009) He felt that religion varies between different societies and can influence people’s day to day lives. In 1912 he wrote the ‘Elementary forms of the religious life’ which showed that all religions have certain features in common. Max Weber had a view that  wasn’t too far off of Marx’s theory on Religion as he felt that it just was used to strengthened people’s work ethic and that success through hard work would lead to people’s salvation. He felt that the various religious policies didn’t fit with the development of Capitalism. Religion is defined as ‘The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, esp. a personal God or Gods.’ But when reading Karl Marx’s thoughts on the subject it becomes clearer that not only do you need a strong belief to endure what God’s plan is for you but that it can take away your sense of individuality and force people into a socially regulated group by practicing the church’s ‘norms’. One of his famous analyses of Religion was that it ‘Is the opium of the people.’(Goldstein, / McKinnon 2009) It’s amusing that Marx used opium in comparison with religion seeing as it was used to help people for a while in the 1800’s but with more medicines becoming available, that the use of opium eventually became frowned upon. Ironic then, that this is how many people would perceive the church in Ireland today. In Marx, Critical Theory and Religion Marx, McKinnon writes that ‘For most twenty-first century readers, opium means something quite simple and obvious, and the comparison between the two terms seems perfectly literal. Opium is a drug that kills the pain, distorts reality, and an artificial source of solace to which some poor souls can become addicted; so also religion.’ This metaphor for me shows that of the three theorists Marx was the most realistic and could see through the organised industry that Religion was and is ever more so today. Durkheim’s theories make sense and are for me a nice and fluffy way of looking at Religion, but I have a feeling that if he were to see the route Religion has gone down in modern society would he still feel the same about the majority of Religions, for example the scandal’s in the Catholic church over the past forty years that are only really surfacing now. And Weber’s thoughts were more rational as that what was expected of people was to keep their heads down and they would eventually be rewarded with Heaven. Even if in today’s society more numbers are in decline of practicing religion, Marx’s views on the subject are definitely the most valid. There expectations of people may not be as extreme as they were back in the 1800’s of their followers as they are now, but of the three, Marx’s views are the most realistic of what Religion truly is. His ability to see what religion was actually doing to people’s lives back then is remarkable and for his  words to still have such relevance now in modern society shows that he was extremely perceptive of society. Marxism also assumes that Religion will eventually disappear and for someone to envisage that from over one hundred years ago is clearly someone who knew what they were talking about. And that is why I chose Marx.